Annealing and apparatus used therein



July 129 1924,

1,502,969 F. TWYMAN ANNEALING AND APPARATUS USED THEREIN Filed Dec. 13, 1921 FRANK TWYMA BY HIS ATTORNEYS,

Patented July 29, 1924.

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FRANK TWYMAN, OF LONDON,.ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TOACDATILH ILGER, LIMITED 'O'F LONDON, ENGLAND.

ANNEALING Ann APPARATUS usnn THEREI1\T.=

Application'filed'llecember 13, 1921.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK- 'Tw-rivmn, a subject 'of the King of Great Britain, residing atl75 Camden Road, London, England,

have invented new and useful Improvements liquids, for instance, glass, porcelain and some metals and is an alternative methodof ascertaining the time of relaxation to the method described 'in the specification of my former application Serial No. 499117. The invention also-relates to apparatus suit able for use in the annealing process.

According to this invention the time of relaxation is found by introducing a piece of the substance of which the articles to be annealed are made into the furnace con taining the articles to be annealed. The piece of substance is strained a definite amount, sufiicient stress being brought to bear to deform it and a further stress of small amount tending to increase the deformation of the piece is applied so that the piece ceases to support the stress when any desired degree of annealing is completed, the degree of annealing attained when the increased deformation takes place depending upon the amount of additional stress employed. 'The additional stress may be applied to the piece by means of. a pivoted lever, one end of which engages the piece whilst on the other end a weight is adjusted so that the spring of the piece is balanced. The position of the weight is noted and the weight removed and a lighter weight is placed on the lever in the same position as the former weight. If it is desired to ascertain when the degree of annealing is half completed, the second Weight is of half the size of the first weight, or should it be desired, as is usual, to ascertain when the degree of annealing is 90% completed the smaller weight is one tenth of the larger weight.

The annexed drawings show two apparatus which may be employed in carrying out this invention. Figure 1 is a vertical section of an apparatus and Figure 2 a longitudinal section of the second apparatus.

Figure 3 is a plan of the lever shown at the right hand end of Figure 2- Serial No. 522,038.

The apparatus shown in' Figure 1 is used in a vertical position and consists ofa tube a in which is a piecefb of the substance. @ne end of the piece Z) is inserted into a hole in the base 0 of the tube cg and its other end into a hole in alever (Z pivoted at e to the top of the tube, the piece 1) being held under stress. The lever is prevented by coming in contact with the side of the tube a from turning past the horizontal position by the stress of the piece Y). "is a sleeve by which the opening in the top of the tube maybe closed. Inus'in'g' the apparatus after the piece I) has been placed in position, a weight such as g is placed on the lever d and is adjusted along the lever until the spring of the piece 6 is balanced. The position of the weight is noted and another weight, usually one 'tenth of the size. s placed upon the lever d. The apparatus is placed in the lehr and when the lever cl begins to tilt by reason of the deformation of the piece 7) it is known that" 90% of the annealing process is completed if the smaller weight used was one tenth of the larger weight, and similarly by using weights of different sizes the various stages of the process can be ascertained.

The apparatus shown in Figures 2 and 3 is use-d in a horizontal position, the piece I) being held at one end by a socket h whilst the other end is bent over the end of a lever, (5 pivoted at j and having projecting from it a bar 70 which engages with the side of the tube a so preventing the lever d from turning past the horizontal. As before a weight g is placed on the lever d, its position being adjusted until the spring of the piece I) is balanced. As before a weight of smaller size is substituted for this weight when the tube is placed in the lehr. When the desired degree of annealing has been completed the bar is will move.

Several instruments may be used at different levels in the lehr and may be set to indicate any desired degree of annealing.

What I claim is:--

i l. The method of ascertaining the time of relaxation of a substance by subjecting a piece of the same substance as that to be annealed to heat, maintaining the piece under conditions such that it is deformed a determined amount and applying stress tending to increase the deformation.

2. The method of ascertaining the time of relaxation of a substance by subjecting a. piece of the same substance as that to be annealed to heat, maintaining the piece under conditions such that it is deformed a determined amount and applying stress tending to increase the deformation so that the piece ceases to support the stress at any desired degree of annealing before the annealing process is complete 3. The method hereinbefore described of ascertaining the time of relaxation of a substance, which consists in subjecting to the same heating a piece of the same substance as that to be annealed, maintaining said piece under conditions such that it is de formed a definite amount and applying stress tending to increase the deformation.

4. The method hereinbefore described as ascertaining the time of relaxation of a substance, which consists in subjecting to the same heating a piece of the same substance as that to be annealed, maintaining said piece under conditions such that it is deformed a definite amount and applying stress tending to increase the deformation so that'the piece ceases to support the stress at any desired degree of annealing before the annealing process is completed.

5. The method hereinbefore described of ascertaining the degree of annealing in a furnace of a substance, which consists in subjecting to the same heating a piece of the same substance as that to be annealed, maintaining said piece under conditions such that it is deformed a definite amount and applying stress tending to increase the deformation.

6. The method hereinbefore described of ascertaining the degree of annealing in a furnace of a substance, which consists in subjecting to the same heating a piece of the same substance as that to be annealed,- maintaining said piece under conditions such that it is deformed a definite amount and applying stress tending to increase the deformation so that the piece ceases to support the stress at any desired degree of annealing before the annealing process is completed.

7. Apparatus for ascertaining the time of relaxation of a substance comprising a piece of the substance to be annealed, means for maintaining said piece under stress a definite amount and means for adding another stress.

8; Apparatus for ascertaining the time I of relaxation of a substance comprising a piece of the substance to be annealed, means for holding one end of the piece, means for stressing the piece a definite amount, a stop for preventing the stress from falling below a. certain amount and means for adding another stress.

9. Apparatus for use in annealing comprising a piece of substance to be annealed, means for supporting one end of the piece, a pivoted lever adapted to engage the other end and to hold the piece under stress, a stop for preventing the stress from falling below a certain amount and a Weight adapt ed to be placed on the lever.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing my invention I have signed my name this thirtieth day of November, 1921.

FRANK TTVYMAN. 

